Sudan broke into two when South Sudan gained independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011. ![]() oil company, Delta Crescent Energy, signed a deal with the Kurds to exploit the oil deposits. The US is currently occupying a third of Syria, in the Kurdish northeast, where oil reserves are located. This is not all as Turkiye is also militarily involved due to the threat of the Syrian Rojava Kurdish separatists links to Turkish Kurd separatists. ![]() There are now four factions fighting the war: President Asad-led Syrian military forces Various Syrian forces unified in opposition to Asad US-supported Kurdish forces and Islamist resistance coalition of ISIS, AlQaeda, Al-Nusor etc. Three-year-old Aylan Kurdi’s tragic death moved Europe to open its doors to Syrian refugees. The world watched desperate Syrian refugees use rubber boats to cross the Mediterranean Sea. Foreign governments got involved over the years. The Arab Spring-led civil war also broke out in Syria in 2011. Libya has gone from the African country with the highest standard of living to a worn torn failed state. By May 2014, conflicts between several factions in Libya had descended into a second civil war. The production of oil had almost completely stopped and the government had lost control of large areas of the country to the militias, while violence increased throughout the country. A September 2013 report by The Independent states that Libya had plunged into its worst political and economic crisis since the defeat of Gaddafi. This was followed by NATO bombings of Libya, which were also responsible for Gaddafi’s capture and subsequent horrific and inhumane killing. The United Nations Security Council passed a resolution to enforce a no-fly zone over Libya. The country is bankrupt and in shambles with 265% inflation.Īs part of the Arab Spring in 2011, a civil war broke out in Libya to establish democracy. Condoleezza Rice, the then US Secretary of State, termed the war “the birth pangs of a new Middle East.” In August 2021 Lebanon declared sovereign default. Moving on to Lebanon, the United States supported the Israeli war on the country in 2006. The US and other Western oil companies and their governments successfully lobbied for Iraq Oil Law, which in 2007 moved Iraq from a nationalized to a largely privatized oil market using Production Sharing Agreements (PSAs). Russian, Chinese and Singaporean firms are also in business. However, ExxonMobil, BP and Shell and others were back in the country after the US victory. Pakistan paid a huge price in the form of a bloody civil war, which exacted a huge toll.Īccording to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), Iraq’s oil reserves of 112 billion barrels ranks second in the world, only behind Saudi Arabia – up to 90 per cent of which remain unexplored, Western oil companies were forced out of the country in 1973. Saddam Hussain was captured in December 2003 and executed in December 2006. Democracy was established in October 2005. On May 1, 2003, President Bush declared the mission accomplished but the US troop withdrawal was finalized in December 2011. The US proceeded to attack Iraq in March 2003 under the pretext of finding weapons of mass destruction and spreading democracy. Musharraf, hence, cooperated with the US, but Pakistan still paid a huge price in the form of a bloody civil war, which exacted a huge toll – economically, militarily, socially and diplomatically. The US threatened to bomb us into the Stone Age. This was due to neighbouring Afghanistan – given the porous border, tribal affiliations and our role in Afghan Jihad against the Soviets. ![]() Pakistan too was a target of the US’s war on terror.
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